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Résumé :
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The present study aims to determine the factors of variation of dairy production in 4 cooperatives on El Gharb zone and one in Loukkos zone. To achieve this this goal, a follow up was made in 25 dairies farms to cover the diversity of bovine production cases The studied exploitations are characterized by an average Agricultural Surface Useful of about 17 ha with a share of 29% reserved for the fodder cultures. The median number of cows per breeding is about 6. 60% of the studied cows are of crossed type, 39% ofblack pie and 0,7% oflocal race. The fodder system is based mainly on the bersim and fodder corn and/or fodder sorghum and/or the straw. The fodder barley, the oats and the grass are used only in the exploitations located in bour. The contribution of the basic ration appreciably satisfied the needs for maintenance in the majority of the exploitations. That is due to the high loading (3,2 cows per hectare) and to the fodder cultures poor yield. What results a massive use of the concentrates whose rate of inclusion in the total ration is of 68% and the quantity consumed by cow is of 1600 UFLI cow/year. The average of the dairy production is about 2530 LI cow/year with a variation coefficient of 52%. The determination of the dairy production variation factors was carried out by the method RLM. The food represents the most important factor on the level of the studied breedings, it explains 82% of this variation, on the other hand the genetic potential explains only 12%. The average profit margin is about - 675 Dh. And it varies according to the exploitations followed from 3.737 Dh to 3.250 Dh, with a variation rate of 193%. The average interval between two calving successive is 416 days and the rate of the cows which the interval between calving exceeds the 365 days is high (65%). Key words: Dairy production, Gharb, Loukkos, feeding System, Bour, Cow, basic Ration, Factors of variation, food, genetic Potential, Profit margin.
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